African philosophical discourse presents a distinctive perspective on consciousness and selfhood that challenges Western dualistic frameworks. This paper examines how the Bantu concept of vital force (élan vital) provides a foundation for understanding consciousness as relational rather than individually contained. Drawing on Placide Tempels' pioneering work and contemporary African...
The mystical phenomenon is understood as a profound and bordeline experience of reality, where the human being reaches a state of consciousness such that it transcends the ordinary concepts with which we understand the world. This experience suggests a notion of reality according to which there is an order underlying physical phenomena (fundamental reality) and distinct from them, where...