Journal of Integrative Neuroscience - The Consciousness Library

Controlling the Triple Network Model: Salience Network Modulatory Roles, Default Mode Dynamic Functions, and Central Executive Network Heterogeneity

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience August 26, 2026 Martin Pham, Sonia Odutola, Hrishikesh Pable et al.

The triple network model has become a widely adopted framework for studying large-scale brain organization in basic and clinical neuroscience; however, accumulating evidence complicates this taxonomy. The default mode network, once labelled "task-negative", is now recognized as dynamically engaged across both internally directed and task-related processes. The salience network, often described...

DOI: 10.31083/jin52511 Full text

Sleep Paralysis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Strategies.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience August 25, 2025 Yi'an Wang, Qi Li, Zhijun Zhong et al.

Sleep paralysis, colloquially known as "ghost pressing" is a state of momentary bodily immobilization occurring either at the onset of sleep or upon awakening. It is characterized by atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep that continues into wakefulness, causing patients to become temporarily unable to talk or move but possessing full consciousness and awareness of their surroundings....

DOI: 10.31083/jin38979 Full text Rem sleep Mechanism Narcolepsy Parasomnia +3

Beyond Anesthesia: Ketamine’s Expanding Role in Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Disorders

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience July 25, 2025 Christopher Zaki 1 citation

OBJECTIVE: This review explores ketamine's expanding role in managing both chronic pain and mental health conditions, focusing on its pharmacologic mechanisms, clinical applications, and therapeutic potential. We assess its analgesic properties, FDA-approved application in the form of Spravato (esketamine) for depression, and off-label use for analgesia and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: A...

DOI: 10.31083/jin26766 Ketamine Major depressive disorder Anxiety Chronic pain +10

A Review of Treatment Modalities for Comorbid Neuropathic Pain and Depression.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience May 26, 2025 Zhusheng Chen, Tong Cheng, Haorui Yang et al. 5 citations

Over the past years, a number of clinical and preclinical investigations have been documented, suggesting treatment strategies and pharmaceuticals for neuropathic pain and depressive disorders, potentially beneficial in cases where these conditions are comorbid. This review lists these potential treatment options and discusses the proposed underlying mechanisms of action and their limitations,...

DOI: 10.31083/JIN26523 Full text Behavioral disorder Neuropathic pain Neuralgia Clinical depression +4

Altered Neuromagnetic Activity in the Default Mode Network in Migraine and Its Subgroups (Episodic Migraine and Chronic Migraine).

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience January 22, 2024 Xiaofang Zhang, Fengyuan Xu, Di Wu et al.

BACKGROUND The differences in the resting state spectral power and functional connectivity of the default mode network between people with migraine without aura (MwoA) and its subgroups differentiated by frequency (episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM)) and healthy controls (HC) were investigated using magnetoencephalography. METHODS In the resting state, the topological spatial...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2301019 Full text

Contemplating on the Nature of Selfhood in DoC Patients: Neurophenomenological Perspective

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience February 1, 2023 Andrew A Fingelkurts, Alexander A Fingelkurts

Medical well-regarded policy recommendations for patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are almost exclusively relied on behavioural examination and evaluation of higher-order cognition, and largely disregard the patients’ self. This is so because practically establishing the presence of self-awareness or Selfhood is even more challenging than evaluating the presence of consciousness....

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2201023 Full text Selfhood Self-consciousness Quantitative electroencephalogram qeeg First-person givenness +3

A Multidisciplinary Hypothesis about Serotonergic Psychedelics. Is it Possible that a Portion of Brain Serotonin Comes From the Gut?

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience August 31, 2022 Noémi Császár-nagy, Petr Bob, István Bókkon 9 citations

Here we present a complex hypothesis about the psychosomatic mechanism of serotonergic psychedelics. Serotonergic psychedelics affect gut microbes that produce a temporary increase of 5-HT by their host enterochromaffin cells (ECs). This increased 5-HT production—which is taken up and distributed by platelets—may work as a hormone-like regulatory signal that could influence membrane...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2105148 Serotonergic Serotonin Enterochromaffin cell Neurotransmission +6

BDNF Alterations in Brain Areas and the Neurocircuitry Involved in the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in Animal Models, Suggest the Existence of a Primary Circuit of Depression

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience August 16, 2022 Ezio Carboni, Anna R. Carta 15 citations

Major depressive disorder is one of the primary causes of disability and disease worldwide. The therapy of depression is prevalently based on monoamine reuptake blockers; consequently, investigations aimed to clarify the aetiology of depression have mostly looked at brain areas innervated by monamines and brain circuitry involved in inputs and outputs of these areas. The recent approval of...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2105144 Serotonin Ventral tegmental area Stria terminalis Nucleus accumbens +8

Reassessment of amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity as a model of psychosis-like behavior in rats.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience January 28, 2022 Snezana Kusljic, Maarten Van den Buuse, Andrea Gogos

Locomotor hyperactivity induced by psychotomimetic drugs, such as amphetamine and phencyclidine, is widely used as an animal model of psychosis-like behaviour and is commonly attributed to an interaction with dopamine release and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, respectively. However, what is often not sufficiently taken into account is that the pharmacological profile of these drugs is...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2101017 Full text Serotonin Amphetamine Dopamine Noradrenaline +2

Perspectives on psychedelic treatment and research in eating disorders: a web-based questionnaire study of people with eating disorders

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience September 30, 2021 Fiona Harding, Mathieu Seynaeve, Johanna Keeler et al. 18 citations

Approximately 1.25 million people in the UK suffer from an eating disorder, yet the treatment options show limited efficacy, warranting the need for novel approaches. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of people with eating disorders on the use of complementary therapies and psychedelic research and treatment. Two hundred participants with eating disorders took part in this web...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2003059

Experimental evidence refuting the assumption of phosphorus-31 nuclear-spin entanglement-mediated consciousness.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience December 30, 2020 Rong Chen, Na Li, Hao Qian et al.

Phosphorus-31 nuclear-spin entanglements within Ca9(PO4)6 molecules (Posner molecules) have been proposed to be central for neural processing. However, this has yet to be proven experimentally. Relatedly, increasing calcium ion concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid has been proposed to enhance consciousness by accelerating Posner molecules' creation. A dependence on calcium isotope is also...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin.2020.04.250 Full text Posner molecules Quantum consciousness Anesthesia Entanglement

From quantum chemistry to quantum biology: a path toward consciousness.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience December 30, 2020 Jack A Tuszynski

This paper presents a historical overview of quantum physics methodology's development and application to various science fields beyond physics, especially biology and consciousness. Following a successful interpretation of several early 20t⁢h century experiments, quantum physics gradually provided a conceptual framework for molecular bonds via quantum chemistry. In recent years individual...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin.2020.04.393 Full text Quantum physics Consciousness Quantum biology Quantum metabolism

Spontaneous potentiality as formative cause of thermo-quantum consciousness

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience March 23, 2020 R. R. Poznanski, L. A. Cacha, A. Z. A. Latif et al.

A macro-quantum model is developed to describe spontaneous processes in terms of computable equations. The resultant macro-quantum wave equation (Schr?dinger-type equation) is solved via a Madelung transformation to yield a complex-valued solution whose real part gives the macro-quantum potential energy. We show that the mechanism responsible for spontaneous phase differences is a pilot-wave...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin.2018.04.0418 Full text

Theorizing how the brain encodes consciousness based on negentropic entanglement.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience March 30, 2019 R R Poznanski, L A Cacha, A Z A Latif et al.

The physicality of subjectivity is explained through a theoretical conceptualization of guidance waves informing meaning in negentropically entangled non-electrolytic brain regions. Subjectivity manifests its influence at the microscopic scale of matter originating from de Broglie 'hidden' thermodynamics as action of guidance waves. The preconscious experienceability of subjectivity is...

DOI: 10.31083/j.jin.2019.01.105 Full text Consciousness code Electron clouds Guidance waves Macro-quantum wave equation +4

Understanding the emergence of microbial consciousness: From a perspective of the Subject-Object Model (SOM).

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience 2017 J Shashi Kiran Reddy, Contzen Pereira

Microorganisms demonstrate conscious-like intelligent behaviour, and this form of consciousness may have emerged from a quantum mediated mechanism as observed in cytoskeletal structures like the microtubules present in nerve cells which apparently have the architecture to quantum compute. This paper hypothesises the emergence of proto-consciousness in primitive cytoskeletal systems found in the...

DOI: 10.3233/jin-170064 Full text Lamarckian theory Orch-or theory Proto-consciousness Som +3

On the possible quantum role of serotonin in consciousness.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience September 1, 2015 Lucio Tonello, Massimo Cocchi, Fabio Gabrielli et al.

Cell membrane's fatty acids (FAs) have been carefully investigated in neurons and platelets in order to study a possible connection to psychopathologies. An important link between the FA distribution and membrane dynamics appears to emerge with the cytoskeleton dynamics. Microtubules (MTs) in particular have been implicated in some recent quantum consciousness models and analyses. The recently...

DOI: 10.1142/s021963521550017x Full text Serotonin Fatty acids Cell membrane Neuron +6

The origins of the brain's endogenous electromagnetic field and its relationship to provision of consciousness.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience June 1, 2014 C G Hales

As a potential source of consciousness, the brain's endogenous electromagnetic (EM) field has much to commend it. Difficulties connecting EM phenomena and consciousness have been exacerbated by the lack of a specific conclusive biophysically realistic mechanism originating the EM field, its form and dynamics. This work explores a potential mechanism: the spatial and temporal coherent action of...

DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214400056 Full text Hard problem Maxwell's equations Compartmental model Consciousness +2

Quantum effects in the understanding of consciousness.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience June 1, 2014 Stuart Hameroff, Travis J A Craddock, Jack A Tuszynski

This paper presents a historical perspective on the development and application of quantum physics methodology beyond physics, especially in biology and in the area of consciousness studies. Quantum physics provides a conceptual framework for the structural aspects of biological systems and processes via quantum chemistry. In recent years individual biological phenomena such as photosynthesis...

DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214400093 Full text Quantum coherence Consciousness Microtubules Quantum biology

A neuropsychoanalytical approach to the hard problem of consciousness.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience June 1, 2014 Mark Solms

A neuropsychoanalytical approach to the hard problem of consciousness revolves around the distinction between the subject of consciousness and objects of consciousness. In contrast to the mainstream of cognitive science, neuropsychoanalysis prioritizes the subject. The subject of consciousness is the indispensable page upon which consciousness of objects is inscribed. This has implications for...

DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214400032 Full text Hard problem Freud Neuropsychoanalysis Consciousness +2

Proto-experiences and subjective experiences: classical and quantum concepts.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience March 1, 2008 Ram Lakhan Pandey Vimal

Deterministic reductive monism and non-reductive substance dualism are two opposite views for consciousness, and both have serious problems. An alternative view is needed. For this, we hypothesize that strings or elementary particles (fermions and bosons) have two aspects: (i) elemental proto-experiences (PEs) as phenomenal aspect, and (ii) mass, charge, and spin as material aspect. Elemental...

DOI: 10.1142/s0219635208001757 Full text

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