International journal of toxicology
June 4, 2026
Sumit Sarkar, Gonçalo Gamboa da Costa, Kellie Woodling et al.
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, was first approved by the US FDA as KETALAR® for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Ketamine has been used off-label for depression treatment, while its S-enantiomer, esketamine (SPRAVATO®), is approved for treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. High doses...
International journal of toxicology
January 31, 2026
Amir Lotfi, Samantha Sparapani, Mylène Pouliot et al.
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a serotonin receptor agonist, in clinical development for the treatment of major depression and other psychiatric disorders. A critical safety concern for serotonergic compounds is their potential to induce seizures, as a severe manifestation of serotonin toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seizure liability of 5-MeO-DMT in a...
International journal of toxicology
2024
Eleanor White, Tom Kennedy, Simon Ruffell et al.
13 citations
The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic thematic review of adverse events, safety, and toxicity of traditional ayahuasca plant preparations and its main psychoactive alkaloids (dimethyltryptamine [DMT], harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine), including discussing clinical considerations (within clinical trials or approved settings). A systematic literature search of...
International journal of toxicology
December 1, 2011
Daniela Braida, Andrea Donzelli, Roberta Martucci et al.
29 citations
The effects of salvinorin A (Salvia divinorum principal ingredient), a potent κ-opioid natural hallucinogen, on learning and memory were investigated. Wistar rats were tested in the 8-arm radial maze, for object recognition and passive avoidance tasks for spatial, episodic, and aversive memory. Attention was assessed using a latent inhibition task. Salvinorin A (80-640 μg/kg subcutaneous [sc])...