The 'Power Within" is a humanistic-transpersonal imagery technique that makes accessible to the client resources previously unavailable for personal growth, understanding, and change. This article reviews the theory, technique, and application of this technique within the context of psychotherapy. The literature review presents a wide range of theoretical explanations of the 'Power Within"...
In response to certain questions raised by John Rowan (1989), Wilber suggests that there are indeed two humanistic psychologies, one of which is open to the spiritual, transcendental, or trans-personal dimensions in men and women, and one of which is not. This response includes a defense of transpersonal psychology against certain charges (notably by Rollo May) that it is, in effect, a product...
History and research on near-death experiences are reviewed and evaluated under five categories: frequency, measurement, patterns, aftereffects, and explanations. Major findings, inconsistencies, and controversies are summarized. Recommendations for future research are made, and the problems encountered when researching near-death experiences are discussed.
Cognitive psychology is considered by some theorists to have subsumed "third force" views of consciousness. The purpose of the present article is to show that the cybernetic conceptions of cognitive psychology do not explain the qualities of consciousness considered fundamental to existentialists. It is our contention that feedback principles are inadequate to explain self-awareness, volition,...
This article describes a process of psychological transformation of a former Soviet defector. After years of alienation and angry denunciation of the Soviet system, he renews his contact with his family, still living in Siberia. This creates a state of tension and "dis-ease" which he at first attempts to relieve through conventional therapeutic means and then through a renewed sense of...
We present a psychological interpretation of the effects of Pope John Paul II's 1979 visit to Poland. It is demonstrated that participation in the massive gatherings that accompanied this papal visit facilitated experiences of self-transcendence in participants, and further that the effects of these gatherings on societal consciousness played a significant role in the development of the...
The significance of Castaneda's account of reported experiences with Don Juan Matus is explored for transpersonal psychology. It is argued that the Don Juan chronicle cannot be a literally true account. Yet, I contend that Castaneda tries to discuss seriolus issues allegorically. On the content level, the message is said to consist of several of Don Juan's teachings. I argue that the manner of...
This article is an existential-phenomenological ("centaur level") 1 response to Ken Wilber's concept of deified or ultimate consciousness. Ultimate consciousness, according to Wilber, is the supreme expression of human awareness. It is the point at which highly developed people (i.e., mystics) totally transcend space and time, and are aware (at once) of all perspectives in the universe. Three...
During the experimental induction of changed states of consciousness in student volunteers, the physical changes and experiential reports were somewhat comparable to those observed also in religious ritual, especially in Pentecostal services. There were a number of inconsistencies, however. I hypothesized that these might have arisen due to neglecting posture as a component. Subsequently, I...
Contrary to Janov's assertion that spiritual experience is derivative of primal pain, there is evidence that primaller's are encountering transpersonal phenomena at a deeper level of the primal process. I rely on my experiences and those of other long-term primallers, along with the evidence of meditation and LSD research and the current spiritual literature, in proposing an alternative...
Theravada Buddhism and Reich's psychobiology appear at first to be polar opposites. Yet there is a Theravada school of meditation, the Vipassana of U Ba Khin, which in both theory and practice turns out to be remarkably close to Reich's worldview and his therapy. The major differences between Reich and this branch of Buddhism are the attitudes toward life and movement, Reich being strongly pro,...
This article was read at an invitational conference convened by the Institute for Noetic Sciences, June, 1982, to discuss ways of introducing into the educational system our new knowledge of the scope of consciousness. I illustrated the difficulties by the way in which the academic world has ignored or suppressed William James' writings on psychical research and the concept of cosmic...
The evolution of LSD use and the controversy surrounding it are reviewed. LSD is treated as a powerful drug whose mind-revealing effects embodied the potential for both psychological harm and personal insight. Predominant motives for LSD use appear to have shifted from desire for self-exploration to a desire for fun. Early LSD use, stimulated by curiosity and adventure seeking, focused on the...
The concept of self-actualization is central to humanistic psychology. But what is this self that is to be actualized? Maslow, who introduced the term, thought that it belonged to the realm of Being, most easily accessed through peak experiences. It was essentially something transcendent, and to contact it was to partake of something like a mystical experience. But Maslow, in company with many...
This article provides an introduction and overview of meditation practice, theory, and research. The models of human nature and consciousness from the meditative traditions are compared with traditional Western psychological models, and the former are suggested to encompass a wider range of states of consciousness and psychological well-being. The various models and mechanisms, psychological...
The research reported here involved the creation of a measure of the tendency to have peak experiences called the Peak Scale, and the testing of several hypotheses drawn from Maslow's theory of peak experiences. It was found that although individuals who report having peak experiences are also likely to report having experiences involving intense happiness, they are even more prone to report...
Barriers to research and publication appear to have resulted in a bias toward selective dissemination of predominantly negative information about the effects of psychedelics. However, it appears that significant numbers of people feel that the psychedelics have made positive contributions to their personal psychological growth. This article summarizes the experiences and conclusions of five...
An outline of a series of hypnotically induced events designed to depotentiate self-consciousness and organized awareness was presented to several volunteers. This series of events was hierarchically structured to minimize anxiety and to maximize responsivity. Preliminary responses indicate that exposure to this series is enjoyable and beneficial and may precipitate an episode similar to what...
All psychologies posit either explicit or implicit models of the person which shape perception, organize experience, and determine methods of inquiry. A transpersonal model, like a humanistic model, focuses on the human potential for growth, health, and well-being. It goes beyond existing models to include self-transcendence, and it emphasizes the centrality of conscious ness in shaping...
This article presents evidence from a random sample survey of the San Franciscio Bay Area on some of the differences between people who claim to have had intense peak experiences and people who have not had such experiences. The data indicate that most people have had some kind of peak experience, but some people seem clearly to be more oriented toward "peaking" than others. Peakers tend more...
Emerging paradigms m tran~per~ona1 psychotherapy are discussed m relation to values and attitudes of the therapist and the place of transpersonal experience m the growth process, which goes beyond self actuahzation to self-transcendence. When a therapist is identified as havmg a transpersonal orientation, it may be assumed that he/she affirms the validity and importance of the spiritual quest...
The possibility of learning to remember dreams was explored with the cooperation of a group of participant-observers who maintained dream diaries for 12 weeks and were selected on the basis of their desire to experience improved dream recall. A self-administered dream recall rating scale was devised which provided measures of several aspects of memory for dreams. The participants apparently...
THERE are two specifically human phenomena by which human exist-ence is characterized. The first is constituted by man's capacity for self-detachment (Frankl, 1964). Another capacity of man is that for self-transcendence (Frankl, 1965a). In fact, it is a constitutive charac-teristic of being human that it always points, and is directed, to some-thing other than itself. It is, therefore, a...
Since the discovery of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in 1943, a voluminous literature has accumulated concerning its effects on a variety of animals, including man. Despite the mass of published reports, definitive evidence is generally lacking, particularly with regard to the subjective and behavioral effects both during and subsequent to the LSD induced state. It is well established...