Biofeedback has been proposed to support meditation and mindfulness practices through wearables, mobile applications, VR/AR systems for decades, and other interactive devices. However, evidence of its effectiveness remains mixed and fragmented across existing research in psychophysiology and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This work analyzes 39 studies published between 2015 and 2025 on...
Mindfulness is the state of maintaining attention to the present moment with curiosity and openness. Existing mobile technologies to support mindfulness focus on formal practices such as meditation, requiring dedicated space and time. However, everyday mindfulness—a more flexible form of practice woven into routine activities such as washing hands or cooking—remains under-supported. To address...
With a wealth of scientifically proven health benefits, meditation was enjoyed by about 18 million people in the U.S. alone, as of 2012. Yet, there remains a stunning lack of convenient tools for promoting long-term and effective meditation practice. In this paper, we present MindfulWatch, a practical smartwatch-based sensing system that monitors respiration in real-time during meditation --...