European Psychiatry
June 1, 2026
V. Martiadis, F. Raffone, S. Testa et al.
Introduction Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe condition associated with high suicide risk and limited response to conventional antidepressants. Intranasal esketamine has shown rapid efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Objectives This observational study assessed the real-world effectiveness of esketamine in reducing suicidal ideation, self-harm...
Journal of Affective Disorders
September 1, 2025
Miriam Olivola, Filippo Mazzoni, Barbara Tarantino et al.
8 citations
INTRODUCTION Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) remains a major challenge in the management of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine and a glutamatergic modulator, has been approved by the FDA and EMA for TRD in 2019. Beyond its rapid antidepressant effects, esketamine may enhance neuroplasticity, facilitating the reconnection with emotional and cognitive...
Psychiatry Research
July 26, 2025
Giacomo D’andrea, Clara Cavallotto, Mauro Pettorruso et al.
16 citations
INTRODUCTION Anhedonia, defined as the diminished ability to experience or anticipate pleasure, is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD), and associated with depression severity, suicidality and poor treatment outcomes. Conventional antidepressants demonstrate limited efficacy against anhedonia. Esketamine nasal spray (ESK-NS) - a novel NMDA receptor...
Journal of Personalized Medicine
April 1, 2025
Marco Di, M. Pepe, Giacomo D’andrea et al.
18 citations
Background. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a prevalent, high-burden disorder. Esketamine nasal spray (ESK-NS) has been approved for, T.R.D.; and efficacy has been observed in both clinical trials and real-world studies. However, observations integrating patients’ perspective on this treatment are limited. This multicentric Italian study explored experiences with ESK-NS in TRD patients,...