TMA (3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-β-aminopropane) shares a chemical structure with both amphetamine and mescaline. Because of this dual relationship, researchers anticipated that the compound might produce clinical effects combining features of both drugs. The study investigated whether TMA would indeed elicit a blend of amphetamine-like and mescaline-like responses in practice.
The opioid epidemic persists despite declining prescription opioid dispensing, with increased use of illicit opioids like heroin and fentanyl. Established long-term pharmacotherapies for opioid addiction include naltrexone, buprenorphine, and methadone, while naloxone rapidly reverses overdose. Given the epidemic's severity, this narrative review explores alternative medications: ketamine, which shows promise for treating addiction to opioids, alcohol, and cocaine; cannabinoids, with dronabinol reducing withdrawal symptoms at high doses but causing adverse effects like sedation and tachycardia; and noribogaine, a weak MOR antagonist and potent KOR agonist with potential anti-addictive effects. More research is needed to assess these medications' viability for opioid use disorder and withdrawal.