Cardiovascular complications associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) abuse have increasingly been reported. The indirect effect of MDMA mediated by a sustained high level of circulating biogenic amines may contribute to the cardiotoxic effects, but other factors, like the direct toxic effects of MDMA and its metabolites in cardiac cells, remain to be investigated....
The amphetamine designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") and its N-demethylated analogue 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA or "love") have been extensively used as recreational drugs of abuse. MDA itself is a main MDMA metabolite. MDMA abuse in humans has been associated with numerous reports of hepatocellular damage. Although MDMA undergoes extensive hepatic...