Bruna Dal Bianco

Virtual reality as a metacognitive training tool for lucid dreaming

Frontiers in Psychology September 28, 2026 Andrea Signorelli, Francesco Tormen, Bruna Dal Bianco et al.

IntroductionLucid dreaming (LD) involves awareness of being in a dream during REM sleep and depends on the reactivation of metacognitive and reality-monitoring processes. This study tested whether a virtual reality (VR) intervention designed to rehearse lucid-dream-relevant metacognitive routines increases LD rates beyond baseline training, and whether generic VR exposure produces similar...