Ibotenic acid and muscimol, synthesized by the ibotenic acid biosynthetic gene cluster (ibo BGC) in Amanita species, are two of the primary neurotoxins responsible for mushroom poisoning incidents worldwide. However, the molecular detection methods for these toxins remain underdeveloped. In this study, we designed a pair of universal PCR primers targeting iboH, a hydroxylase-encoding gene...
IMA fungusJanuary 9, 2026Yu-Ting Su, Zheng-Mi He, Yu-Zhi Yang et al.
Numerous severe cases of neurotoxic mushroom poisoning worldwide are caused by ibotenic acid and muscimol produced by specific species belonging to section Amanita of the genus Amanita. Recent studies have demonstrated that both toxins are produced through the ibotenic acid biosynthetic gene cluster (iboBGC) in these species. In addition to these two toxins, section Amanita is also thought to...