The distribution and evolution of muscarine and the ibotenic acid biosynthetic gene cluster within the genus Amanita section Amanita revealed by phylogenomics.
IMA fungus January 9, 2026 Yu-Ting Su, Zheng-Mi He, Yu-Zhi Yang et al.
Numerous severe cases of neurotoxic mushroom poisoning worldwide are caused by ibotenic acid and muscimol produced by specific species belonging to section Amanita of the genus Amanita. Recent studies have demonstrated that both toxins are produced through the ibotenic acid biosynthetic gene cluster (iboBGC) in these species. In addition to these two toxins, section Amanita is also thought to...
DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.175874 (opens in new tab)
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Amanita
Muscarine
Muscimol
Ibotenic acid
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