Rethinking Human Intelligence Through Insān Al-Kāmil: Ibn Arabī’s Metaphysical Epistemology and Its Relevance to Modern Consciousness
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 2026 Zaifuddin Md Rasip, Abd Rahman Tajudin, Earnie Elmie Hilmi et al.
This study examines the concept of Insān al-Kāmil in the thought of Ibn ʿArabī as an epistemological framework for understanding human intelligence, with particular reference to al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyyah. While modern theories of intelligence, such as Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), and Spiritual Quotient (SQ), have progressively expanded the scope of human cognition, they...