Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is extensively theorised as pedagogy and policy, but the ontological assumptions of the traditions informing it remain largely unexamined. This paper derives three ontological requirements from sustainability's own internal logic — interdependence, intrinsic value and ecological limits — and applies immanent critique to four traditions dominant in...
Academic stress has become a significant issue in contemporary education, affecting students’ academic performance, mental health, emotional balance, and motivation. Many factors, such as heavy syllabi, frequent examinations, competitive learning environments, and high expectations from parents and institutions, often create pressure that exceeds coping abilities. The present study examines the...