Rethinking Education for Sustainable Development: Ontological Fragmentation and the Case for Situated Non-Dual Alternatives
Journal of Sustainability September 11, 2026 Amit Mishra, Himanshu Pandey, Ikhlas Ahmad et al.
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is extensively theorised as pedagogy and policy, but the ontological assumptions of the traditions informing it remain largely unexamined. This paper derives three ontological requirements from sustainability's own internal logic — interdependence, intrinsic value and ecological limits — and applies immanent critique to four traditions dominant in...