Objective: Microglial polarization toward the M1 phenotype is a key contributor to the initiation and progression of neuroinflammatory diseases, primarily through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate central nervous system-associated injury. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) is implicated in microglial overactivation and cytotoxicity. This study...
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE). Identifying the key factors that inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation holds promise as a potential target for preventing and treating SAE. Esketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been proposed to possess protective and therapeutic...