Philosopher Herbert Marcuse observed in 1964 that modern people's materialistic and consumer-based lifestyles have resulted in societies becoming more one dimensional, which has contributed to a growing attitude of ‘uncritical conformity’. Marcuse advocated that in order to transcend a one-dimensional existence people will have to engage and actualize their human potential. The increasing...
According to a transpersonal perspective a spiritual/transcendent reality exists beyond the ego, which includes experiences that transcend a person's temporal and spatial boundaries. From this ‘trans’ perspective human beings are viewed in a wider context of life. However, it is recognized that people can experience a transformational crisis through engaging in psycho-spiritual development,...