Conflicting emergences. Weak vs. strong emergence for the modelling of brain function.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews April 1, 2019 Federico Turkheimer, Peter J. Hellyer, Angie A. Kehagia et al.
The concept of "emergence" has become commonplace in the modelling of complex systems, both natural and man-made; a functional property" emerges" from a system when it cannot be readily explained by the properties of the system's sub-units. A bewildering array of adaptive and sophisticated behaviours can be observed from large ensembles of elementary agents such as ant colonies, bird flocks or...