Ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are among the recommended treatments for treatment resistant depression (TRD). However, there is a subset of patients who do not respond to either treatment, making it insufficient to address their condition. To determine the efficacy of concurrent therapy with ECT and intravenous racemic ketamine in TRD. This retrospective study included a total of...
Depression and PTSD are prevalent psychiatric conditions that often co-occur and significantly impact quality of life. Ketamine has emerged as a promising rapid-acting treatment for both conditions, while traditional treatments like psychotherapy typically require weeks to show effects. This study investigated whether combining ketamine with psychotherapy produces greater symptom improvement...
Depression affects hundreds of millions globally, and in 2019, esketamine, an S-enantiomer of ketamine, was approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). While effective, esketamine carries risks, including abuse potential and adverse effects even at low doses. As a result, ketamine's metabolite, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK), has garnered attention for its potential...
Ketamine is a synthesized anesthetic drug that was used extensively as a surgical anesthetic in the 1960s. Currently, ketamine is being investigated extensively for its potential as a treatment for depression. However, the addictive nature of ketamine has become an issue that cannot be ignored at this stage. As of now, there is no clear understanding of the changes in striatal metabolites and...
Após concluir esta atividade, os participantes deverão ser capazes de: Analisar os mecanismos farmacodinâmicos da cetamina, incluindo sua ação primária como antagonista do receptor NMDA e efeitos secundários sobre os receptores AMPA, sistemas opioides e vias de neuroplasticidade, a fim de otimizar a seleção do tratamento para pacientes com depressão resistente ao tratamento. Avaliar cenários...
After completing this activity, participants should be able to: Analyze the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of ketamine, including its primary action as an NMDA receptor antagonist and secondary effects on AMPA receptors, opioid systems, and neuroplasticity pathways, to optimize treatment selection for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Evaluate clinical scenarios to determine when...
Na het voltooien van deze activiteit moeten deelnemers in staat zijn om: De farmacodynamische mechanismen van ketamine te analyseren, inclusief de primaire werking als NMDA-receptorantagonist en secundaire effecten op AMPA-receptoren, opioïde systemen en neuroplasticiteitspathways, om de behandelkeuze voor patiënten met therapieresistente depressie te optimaliseren. Klinische scenario's te...
Ketamine infusion therapy has gained recognition as an innovative treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), demonstrating rapid and robust antidepressant effects. Its therapeutic promise is increasingly understood to involve molecular and neurobiological processes that promote neural plasticity and cognitive flexibility. These changes may create a unique window for psychotherapeutic...
Arketamine, the (R)-enantiomer of (R,S)-ketamine, shows even greater rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in rodent models compared to esketamine, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model to investigate how arketamine exerts its antidepressant-like effects. We found that activating cAMP response element-binding...
Treatment-resistant major depression (TRD) poses a significant challenge in psychiatry due to the limited response to conventional therapies. Subanesthetic dose intravenous (IV) ketamine has emerged as an effective therapeutic option, providing rapid effects on depressive and suicidal symptoms. This article outlines the ketamine infusion protocol implemented in a general hospital, following...