In 2019, intranasal esketamine gained approval as a promising therapy for those individuals grappling with treatment-resistant depression. Both clinical trials and real-world studies have underscored its efficacy in alleviating and remitting depressive symptoms, with sustained benefits observed for nearly 4.5 years. As the S-enantiomer of ketamine, esketamine's dosing guidelines and strict...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. Symptoms related to this disorder include persistent re-experiencing of memories and fear of generalization. Current pharmacological treatments for PTSD are insufficient, with fewer than 30% of patients reporting symptom remission. This study aims to determine the efficacy of acute (R,S)-ketamine and...
This is a systematic review investigating the correlation between seizures identifiable on electroencephalogram (EEG), clinical excitatory movements (CEM), and ketamine administration for procedural sedation. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science in April 2021. Search terms included variations for ketamine, myoclonus, seizures, status epilepticus, and...
Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of preoperative ketamine gargle on postoperative throat pain in patients undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (ETI). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others. Data analysis was performed using...
Raynaud's phenomenon is a vascular disorder characterized by episodic vasospasm of small arteries, primarily affecting the hands and feet. Standard treatment strategies typically include lifestyle modifications to avoid cold exposure and stress, alongside pharmacological interventions aimed at increasing blood flow and reducing vascular constriction. Ketamine, an FDA-approved anesthetic since...
Ketamine demonstrates robust and rapidly occurring antidepressant effects in patients with difficult-to-treat major depressive disorder. Ketamine's antidepressant effects and its impact on functional networks in non-resistant forms of major depressive disorder are expected to provide valuable insight into ketamine's mechanism of action related to depression. This study employs an existing...
To characterize the pharmacokinetics of combinations of dexmedetomidine, vatinoxan and ketamine in cats. Partially randomized, crossover, experimental study. A group of six healthy male neutered cats, aged 1-2 years, weighing 5.4 ± 0.3 kg. Each cat was administered six treatments: dexmedetomidine (25 μg kg-1; D) + vatinoxan (600 μg kg-1; V) + ketamine (2.5 mg kg-1; K2.5) intramuscularly (IM)...
This study aimed to observe the effect of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Eighty children scheduled for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: an esketamine group (S-ketamine group, N.=40) and a control group (control group, N.=40). The primary outcome...
We aimed to explore the correlation between baseline body mass index (BMI) and the antidepressant properties of intravenous ketamine in patients with depression. We divided 135 patients diagnosed with either major depressive disorder (n=103) or bipolar depression (n=32) into lower and higher BMI groups based on their baseline BMI. Patients with a lower BMI (BMI0.05). The linear mixed models...
Understanding the elusive mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of ketamine in major depressive disorder (MDD) is crucial. Astrocytes play a vital role in regulating extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o), which is essential for maintaining proper neuronal excitability and overall brain function. Dysregulation of [K+]o can lead to significant changes in neuronal activity,...