Aim: Estimate the cost-per-remitter with esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant (ESK NS + OAD) versus quetiapine extended release plus an oral antidepressant (QTP XR + OAD) among adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Materials & methods: An Excel-based model was developed to estimate the cost-per-remitter for ESK NS + OAD and QTP XR + OAD from the perspective of a US...
Esketamine is increasingly used to induce general anesthesia in pediatric populations. However, its neurological effects on healthy individuals-especially during early developmental stages-remain a topic of ongoing debate. In particular, concerns persist regarding its impact on the developing brain at extreme ages. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been...
The rates of relapse and suicide risk are higher in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) vs non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Even among patients with TRD who initially respond, the majority (70%) relapse within 6 months. To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of esketamine nasal spray, combined with an oral antidepressant, in patients with TRD. Phase 3, open-label,...
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine has found broad application in the field of psychiatry. Due to its rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal properties, it is used as a treatment for major depressive disorder. Furthermore, ketamine evokes dissociative and psychotropic states, which allows the modeling of schizophrenic symptoms. The thalamus, a main target for ketamine's...
Despite affecting millions worldwide, major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a therapeutic challenge, with approximately one-third of patients failing to respond to standard treatments. The need for innovative, molecularly driven therapies has turned attention to ketamine and its enantiomers. While S-ketamine is clinically approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), it has various...
PharmacopsychiatryJune 2, 2025Ludovic C Dormegny-Jeanjean, Suzie Lenoir, Ilia Humbert et al.1 citation
Ketamine and esketamine (ESK) offer new treatment options for resistant depression. Unlike traditional antidepressants, they can be used in combination with non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (NS-MAOI) without the risk of serotonergic syndrome. However, potential sympathomimetic synergy may lead to elevated blood pressure (BP). This series investigates whether cardiovascular parameters...
Results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that esketamine has only modest efficacy in the treatment of adults with treatment‐resistant depression, with initial improvement diminishing after the first few days. The results also suggest no effect of esketamine on suicidality.
Despite being approved by the US FDA and the EU European Medicines Agency, the performance of esketamine nasal spray as an adjunctive therapy with an antidepressant in major depressive disorder is still controversial. Comprehensive retrieval in Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing esketamine nasal spray versus control in major...
CNS DrugsJune 1, 2025Sijia Zhang, Houtan Afshar, Peter J. Colvonen et al.1 citation
Ketamine and esketamine are increasingly used to manage treatment-resistant depression and have also been shown to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about how common comorbidities in the veteran population, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), may influence ketamine and esketamine treatment outcomes. In this retrospective...
Abstract Objective Ketamine and esketamine have both shown significant antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and conflicting evidence suggests that dissociation induced by these drugs could be a clinical predictor of esketamine/ketamine's efficacy. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of data from a two-center, randomized, controlled trial. Participants were...