This study aimed to investigate a set of pharmacodynamic biomarkers reflecting acute, delayed and sustained central nervous system effects of S-ketamine, used as a tool compound for rapid-acting antidepressant activity, with the goal of informing biomarker strategies for delayed antidepressant effects. In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, 4-way crossover study in...
European PsychiatryJune 23, 2026Maximilian Preiß, Valentin Popper, Luna Helene Charlotte Faber et al.
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Introduction and purpose. Major depressive disorder is a serious clinical problem. Current treatments are often unsuccessful, and many patients do not achieve full remission. In a reanalysis of the STAR*D study, the cumulative remission rate after up to four treatment steps was about 41%, which highlights the limitations of currently available antidepressant strategies[1]. In recent years,...
Esketamine is an effective rapid-acting pharmacological intervention for treatment-resistant depression. However, the temporal dynamics of underlying brain networks associated with the improvement of depressive symptoms remain elusive. This observational study seeks to delineate alteration in network activity within 90 minutes of nasal Esketamine administration, with a focus on exploring its...
Background: In HT-22 cells, 500 μM NMDA was used as a high-concentration oxidative stressor rather than a classical NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic stimulus. Because HT-22 cells lack functional ionotropic NMDA receptors, this model cannot test NMDA receptor antagonist-mediated pharmacology. Methods: HT-22 cells and C8-D1A astrocytes were examined in a Transwell co-culture system. CCK-8...
Although esketamine shows efficacy for treatment-resistant depression, its potential effectiveness in cancer-related depression (CRD) has not been well-established. We therefore evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of esketamine in CRD using a target trial emulation framework based on anonymized electronic health records from the TriNetX network. Adults aged 18-74 years with CRD...
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychological complication after radical lung cancer surgery and has a significant impact on postoperative recovery and quality of life. Esketamine, a new anesthetic agent, may be protective against postoperative PTSD through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and anti-inflammatory actions. AIM To explore the underlying mechanisms...
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) often occurs alongside treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but the impact of BPD on real-world outcomes with intranasal esketamine is unclear. Consecutive TRD outpatients initiating intranasal esketamine treatment at four Italian centres between 1 September 2024 and 30 September 2025 were enrolled in the study (n = 90): 45 with comorbid BPD and 45 without...
Effective treatments for prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) remain limited. Grounded in the entropic brain hypothesis-that psychedelic agents facilitate consciousness recovery by increasing brain complexity-this study investigated esketamine, a nonclassical psychedelic drug, and its effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) neurophysiological metrics in pDoC patients. In this...