Patients with schizophrenia exhibit disturbances of orienting of attention. However, findings have been inconsistent. Hallucinogen challenges have been used as models for psychosis. The NMDA antagonist state resembles undifferentiated psychoses, whereas the 5-HT2A agonist state is considered as a model for psychoses with prominent positive symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate...
The reviews in this special edition have presented a primer on the state of the literature for 7 different psychedelic compounds and their plausible roles in medicine. In a common format underscoring strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), this article addresses how psychedelic compounds fit into the broader health care landscape for indicated conditions. Historically,...
Ketamine and esketamine have been used in the field of psychiatry to alleviate conditions such as major depressive disorder. Our objective was to evaluate the current literature on the use of ketamine for symptoms of social withdrawal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism-like conditions. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to identify literature involving...
Ketamine has emerged as a novel treatment for psychiatric disorders, particularly treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although intravenous (IV) ketamine is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for TRD, esketamine, an FDA-approved therapeutic, has contributed to the widespread clinical use of off-label IV ketamine across the United States. This scoping review highlights...
Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric conditions, including those that are treatment-resistent. The latter half of the 20th century marked a revolution in the treatment of mental illnesses, exemplified by the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other...
Legal access to psilocybin almost always requires a medical diagnosis first, usually treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or severe PTSD, as though informed consent alone was not sufficient. This article makes two connected arguments. Extending the autonomy argument already accepted for terminally ill patients, competent adults who understand the potential benefits and risks of a psilocybin...
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is among the most disabling illnesses worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 16.2%. Research suggests that 20% to 40% of patients with depression do not respond to pharmacotherapy, developing treatment-resistant depression. Electroconvulsive therapy is the gold standard for treating individuals with treatment-resistant depression, with remission rates of...
Ketamine has emerged as a plausible rapid-acting treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the clinical literature is unusually easy to overstate because a small number of randomized trials are repeatedly represented across reviews, several publications reuse the same cohorts, and treatment studies are sometimes mixed with PTSD-prevention studies conducted around acute trauma....
FDA REMS and ETASU for psychedelic therapy—psilocybin, MDMA, and Spravato (esketamine)—can enhance safety yet impose clinic-only administration that limits access. Using Spravato’s REMS as precedent, this Article shows how “every-use” in-person supervision and limited distribution increase cost and strain providers even as adverse events cluster early in treatment. It proposes a...
Ketamine’s path from anesthetic to antidepressant reframed treatment-resistant depression (TRD) by shifting focus from monoamines to glutamate/NMDA modulation. This Article traces the science (from Yale–NIMH pilot work through Zarate 2006), synthesizes evidence across routes of administration (IV, IM, oral, sublingual, intranasal) with bioavailability tradeoffs, and explains why esketamine...