The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
June 27, 2017
Chittaranjan Andrade
80 citations
Ketamine is a racemic mixture of the enantiomers R-ketamine and S-ketamine (esketamine). S-ketamine has greater analgesic and anesthetic effects than R-ketamine and is less likely to cause psychotomimetic and other adverse effects. There is therefore an emerging interest favoring the use of S-ketamine over racemic ketamine when the drug is used for analgesia or anesthesia. This article examines...
Brain Structure and Function
April 2017
Anna S. Höflich, Andreas Hahn, Martin Küblböck et al.
Over the last years, a number of studies have been conducted to clarify the neurobiological correlates of ketamine application. However, comprehensive information regarding the influence of ketamine on cortical activity is still lacking. Using resting-state functional MRI and integrating pharmacokinetic information, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study was performed...
Drugs
March 1, 2017
Marc S. Lener, Bashkim Kadriu, Carlos A. Zarate
Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that dysfunction of the glutamatergic system is implicated in mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. In clinical studies of individuals with major depressive disorder and bipolar depression, rapid reductions in depressive symptoms have been observed in response to subanesthetic-dose ketamine, an agent whose mechanism of...
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
January 16, 2017
Ricardo Pablo Garay, Carlos A. Zarate, Thomas Charpeaud et al.
79 citations
INTRODUCTION: The authors describe the medications for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in phase II/III of clinical development in the EU and USA and provide an opinion on how current treatment can be improved in the near future. Areas covered: Sixty-two trials were identified in US and EU clinical trial registries that included six investigational compounds in recent phase III development...
Neuroscience Bulletin
December 2016
Weili Zhu, Zengbo Ding, Yinan Zhang et al.
Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder and remains a leading cause of disability worldwide. Conventional antidepressants take at least several weeks to achieve a therapeutic response and this lag period has hindered their ability to attain beneficial effects in depressed individuals at high risk of suicide. The non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist...
Depression and Anxiety
August 1, 2016
S. Sassano-Higgins, D. Baron, Grace Juarez et al.
200 citations
Ketamine was discovered in the 1960s and released for public use in 1970. Originally developed as a safer alternative to phencyclidine, ketamine is primarily used in clinical settings for analgesia and sedation. In recent years, other uses have been developed, including pain management and treatment of asthma and depression. Clinical use of ketamine causes dissociation and emergence delirium....
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
May 27, 2016
C. Olsen
Background: Esketamine and ketamine have been shown to produce rapid antidepressant action in patients with treatmentresistant depression (TRD). The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy, safety and dose response of intranasal esketamine in patients with TRD. Methods: This was a 2-Panel, doubly-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Panel A was conducted...
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
May 27, 2016
Background: Esketamine and ketamine have been shown to produce rapid antidepressant action in patients with treatmentresistant depression (TRD).The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy, safety and dose response of intranasal esketamine in patients with TRD.Methods: This was a 2-Panel, doubly-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.Panel A was conducted in...
eNeuro
March 1, 2016
A. Soumier, Ray M. Carter, Timothy J. Schoenfeld et al.
Abstract Virtually all antidepressant agents increase the birth of granule neurons in the adult dentate gyrus in rodents, providing a key basis for the neurogenesis hypothesis of antidepressant action. The novel antidepressant ketamine, however, shows antidepressant activity in humans within hours, far too rapid for a mechanism involving neuronal birth. Ketamine could potentially act more...
Translational Psychiatry
September 1, 2015
Chun Yang, Yukihiko Shirayama, J-C Zhang et al.
600 citations
Although the efficacy of racemate ketamine, a rapid onset and sustained antidepressant, for patients with treatment-resistant depression was a serendipitous finding, clinical use of ketamine is limited, due to psychotomimetic side effects and abuse liability. Behavioral and side-effect evaluation tests were applied to compare the two stereoisomers of ketamine. To elucidate their potential...