The objective of this study was to (1) document the diverse forms of cognition and attention that occur during dreaming and (2) articulate the qualitatively different profiles of the forms of cognition and attention that constitute classes or categories of reflective awareness during dreaming. Seventy introductory psychology students (68.1% females, 31.9% males, mean age = 19.8 years, SD age =...
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a cluster of symptoms in which a person persistently relives a traumatic event, through recurring thoughts, nightmares, and flashbacks for at least 1 month or more. There are various behavioral and medical treatment options for PTSD. Mind-body techniques, such as biofeedback and breathing-based stress reduction, have shown some promise in the...
The most common rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnia encountered by neurologists is REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and nightmares are so frequent that every neurologist should be able to differentiate them from the dream enactment of RBD. Isolated sleep paralysis is relatively common and is often mistaken for other neurologic disorders. This article summarizes the current state of the art in...
To investigate the changes in cortical neural responses induced by external inputs during phasic rapid eye movement (p-REM) sleep. Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) was directly applied to the human cortex during REM sleep through subdural electrodes, in seven patients who underwent invasive presurgical evaluation for intractable partial epilepsy. SPES was applied to parts of the...
Past research has suggested that reflective awareness in dreams, as a broader concept for understanding the phenomenon of lucid dreaming, can be further differentiated into a five-factor model (i.e., lucid mindfulness, dual perspectives, depersonalization, intra-dream self-reflection, and willed appearances) (Lee, 2010; Lee & Kuiken, 2015). Past research has also indicated that two kinds of...
All empirical science is based on systematic observations and measurements. Consciousness itself, especially its qualitative features, is invisible to physical research instruments. The challenge for consciousness science is to find methods by which to observe and measure subjective conscious experiences accurately and systematically. Many data-collection methods in psychology are indirect...
Abstract Sosa (Proc Addresses Am Philos Assoc 79(2): 7–18, 2005) argues that we should reject the orthodox conception of dreaming—the view that dream states and waking states are “intrinsically alike, though different in their causes and effects” (2005: p. 7). The alternative he proposes is that “to dream is to imagine” (2005: p. 7). According to this imagination model of dreaming, our dreamt...
Our understanding of the effects of meditations developing existential insight is very limited. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of this type of meditation, starting with an overview of insight practice categories and conceptualizations. Neuroscientific evidence relevant to existential insight practices is discussed in four categories: attentional foundations of existential...
Dreaming is a common human experience investigated from multiple perspectives over the centuries. Recently, this phenomenon has stimulated scientific interest, becoming a peculiar context to study memory processes and consciousness (1).
July 12, 2017Montague Ullman Stanley Krippner S Feldstein1 citation
Telepathic effects could be investigated during the dreaming phase of the sleep cycle. The use of the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) technique freed the investigator from the uncertainty of relying upon spontaneous dream recall. The telepathy hypothesis was generally introduced on the basis of the following criteria: elements in the dream of the patient revealed a striking similarity to events...