Chemical syntheses of the salvinorin chemotype of KOR agonist.
Sarah J Hill, Aurélien U C M Brion, Ryan A Shenvi
Natural Product Reports November 18, 2020 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00028k (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Salvia divinorum |
| Keywords | Pain relief Pain management New analgesics Pain treatment Drug discovery Drug development Pharmaceutical research Medicinal chemistry New drugs Drug design Synthetic chemistry Chemical synthesis Organic synthesis Molecule synthesis Chemical methods Drug synthesis Salvinorin a research Kor activation Kappa opioid receptor Salvinorin-like compounds Hallucinogenic compounds |
| Key findings | Total syntheses of salvinorin A and its analogs have been achieved via multiple orthogonal routes, but outstanding problems remain for synthesis to address in optimizing activity for therapeutic use. |
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2020 The hallucinogenic diterpene salvinorin A potently and selectively agonizes the human kappa-opioid receptor (KOR). Its unique attributes-lack of a basic nitrogen, rapid brain penetrance, short half-life-combined with the potential of KOR as an emerging target for analgesics have stimulated extensive medicinal chemistry based on semi-synthesis from extracts of Salvia divinorum. Total synthesis efforts have delivered multiple, orthogonal routes to salvinorin A, its congeners and related analogs with the goal of optimizing its activity towards multiple functional endpoints. Here we review total syntheses of the salvinorin chemotype and discuss outstanding problems that synthesis can address in the future.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on salvia divinorum, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Here today, gone tomorrow…and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines. General (review of novel psychoactive substances) | 2012 | Review | |
| Opioid receptors and legal highs:Salvia divinorumand Kratom | 2008 | Review | |
| Salvinorin A: the "magic mint" hallucinogen finds a molecular target in the kappa opioid receptor. | 2003 | Review | |
| Salvia divinorum and the unique diterpene hallucinogen, Salvinorin (divinorin) A. | 1994 | Review | |
| Drug models of schizophrenia. General (review of drug models of schizophrenia) | 2015 | Review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 9
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum: Clinical and Forensic Aspects Pharmaceuticals February 3, 2021
- Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum: Toxicology, Pharmacological Profile, and Therapeutic Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences June 11, 2025
- Salvaging Salvinorin: From Hallucinogen to Potential Therapeutic through Chemical Synthesis ACS Central Science August 10, 2023
- An Overview of Syntheses of Salvinorin A and its Analogues ChemCatChem August 26, 2024
- Formal Synthesis of (±)-Salvinorin A via Gold(I) Catalysis. Chemistry - A European Journal September 1, 2023
and 4 more in the library
Cites 27
- Salvinorin A: a potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous kappa opioid selective agonist. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences September 3, 2002
- Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects. Psychopharmacology March 1, 2013
- Neuropharmacology of the naturally occurring kappa-opioid hallucinogen salvinorin A. Pharmacological Reviews June 1, 2011
- Pharmacokinetics of the potent hallucinogen, salvinorin A in primates parallels the rapid onset and short duration of effects in humans. Neuroimage July 1, 2008
- Structure-based design, synthesis, and biochemical and pharmacological characterization of novel salvinorin A analogues as active state probes of the kappa-opioid receptor. Biochemistry July 28, 2009
and 22 more in the library