Application of microarray patches for the transdermal administration of psychedelic drugs in micro-doses.
Octavio E Fandiño, Aaron R J Hutton, Chunyang Zhang, Marco T A Abbate, Yara A Naser, Yaocun Li, Alejandro J Paredes, Ryan F Donnelly
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V February 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114603 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Excised neonatal porcine skin and rats |
| Interventions | 5-MeO-DMT and mescaline |
| Topics | Mescaline Microdosing Psychedelic-assisted therapy |
| Keywords | 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Hydrogel-forming microarray patches Psychedelic drugs Transdermal drug delivery Drug delivery systems Pharmaceutical innovation |
| Citations | 4 |
| Key findings | Hydrogel-forming microarray patches can effectively deliver DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and mescaline through the skin, with DMT showing significantly greater bioavailability via HF-MAP than intramuscular injection. |
Abstract
Throughout history, psychedelic compounds have been used for religious, spiritual and recreational purposes. A plethora of studies have reported the use of psychedelic compounds in the treatment of various conditions, such as alcoholism, addictions, depressive state to borderline schizophrenia, personality disorder, among other mental disorders. Psychedelic microdosing, a common technique in recent years, involves the consumption of small doses of psychedelic drugs for therapeutic purposes. This study investigated the potential of hydrogel-forming microarray patches (HF-MAPs) to deliver N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and mescaline (MES) in small doses through the skin. To this purpose, HF-MAPs were prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), using citric acid as the crosslinker. Two different reservoirs, containing PVP and PVA as the main components and poly(ethylene)glycol 400 (PEG400) and glycerol as plasticising agents, were used to deliver all the drugs from the HF-MAPs. Franz cells studies in excised neonatal porcine skin demonstrated that the permeation of DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and MES was better from the PEG400 reservoir, showing a permeation of 60.71 %, 59.61 % and 41.85 % respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that HF-MAP technology as a strategy for microdosing psychedelic compounds was also demonstrated with DMT. AUCt0-final for the HF-MAP cohort (7186 ± 1296 ng/mL*h) was significantly greater than the IM cohort (1803 ± 53.25 ng/mL*h) (p = 0.0020), with a relative bioavailability of ∼ 72 %. Considering their pharmacokinetic profile, the frequency of DMT dosing could be reduced with HF-MAP when compared to the IM route.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on microdosing, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psilocin and ketamine microdosing: effects of subchronic intermittent microdoses in the elevated plus-maze in male Wistar rats Wistar rats | 2018 | Experimental study | n = 40 |
| Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats. Rats | 2023 | Experimental study | |
| Repeated microdoses of LSD do not alter anxiety or boldness in zebrafish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | 2024 | Experimental study | |
| Toward Predicting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient Response to 7 + 3 Induction Chemotherapy via Diagnostic Microdosing Paired sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines, AML cell lines, and 10 viably... | 2018 | Preclinical cell line study with a pilot retrospective analysis of primary patient samples | n = 10 |
| Assessing the Potential Cardiovascular Risk of Microdosing the Psychedelic LSD in Mice Mice | 2025 | Animal study |
Citations in the library
Cites 21
- Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews March 16, 2020
- Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine Brain Research Bulletin April 30, 2016
- Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting Psychopharmacology October 24, 2018
- Psychedelic therapy for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders February 1, 2023
- The epidemiology of 5-methoxy- N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) use: Benefits, consequences, patterns of use, subjective effects, and reasons for consumption. Journal of Psychopharmacology July 1, 2018
and 16 more in the library