The effects of phencyclidine, ketamine, delta-amphetamine and pentobarbital on schedule-controlled behavior in the mouse.
G. Wenger, P. Dews
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics March 1, 1976 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3565(25)30455-6 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Behavioral pharmacology experiment (animal study) Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Mice trained on a multiple FR-30 FI-300 sec schedule of food reinforcement |
| Interventions | Pentobarbital delta-amphetamine Phencyclidine Ketamine |
| Dose | delta-amphetamine 1 mg/kg; ketamine 100 mg/kg; phencyclidine 3 mg/kg; pentobarbital 3 mg/kg |
| Topics | Esketamine Ketamine |
| Key findings | At some dose each of the four drugs increased responding, with proportionately greater increases at low response rates. Delta-amphetamine, ketamine, and phencyclidine produced dose-related fixed-interval rate increases to 1.83, 1.25, and 1.32 times control, respectively, leading the authors to describe phencyclidine and ketamine as showing some "amphetamine-like" effects in the mouse. Pentobarbital raised both rates at 3 mg/kg but progressively decreased them at higher doses. |
Abstract
The response of mice of breaking a light beam onto a photocell was programmed to produce food according to a multiple schedule with alternating 30-response fixed ratio, 300-second fixed interval (FR-30 FI-300 sec) components. Training was standardized for all mice, and stable patterns of responding that were similar to those described for other species and responses under this schedule developed quickly. The effects of pentobaribtal, delta-amphetamine, phencyclidine and ketamine were studied. At some dose, each of the four drugs produced an increase in rate of responding; the increase was proportionately greater at low rates of responding than at higher rates. At some dose range, delta-amphetamine, ketamine and phencyclidine produced dose-related increases in FI average rates were to 1.83, 1.25 and 1.32 times the control rate for delta-amphetamine (1 mg/kg), ketamine (100 mg/kg) and phencyclidine (3 mg/kg), respectively. Phencyclidine and ketamine thus showed some "amphetamine-like" effects in the mouse. Pentobarbital increased (1.25 times the control rate) both the FR and FI response rates at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Higher doses of pentobarbital progressively decreased both FR and FI response rates in a parallel fashion.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on ketamine, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists Rats | 2010 | Observational study | |
| Activation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission by Ketamine: A Novel Step in the Pathway from NMDA Receptor Blockade to Dopaminergic and Cognitive Disruptions Associated with the Prefrontal Cortex Conscious rats | 1997 | Dose-response study with microdialysis and behavioral testing | |
| NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites Mice | 2016 | Preclinical study | |
| The dissociative anaesthetics, ketamine and phencyclidine, selectively reduce excitation of central mammalian neurones by N‐methyl‐aspartate Spinal neurons in decerebrate or pentobarbitone-anaesthetized cats and rats | 1983 | Experimental study | |
| R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects Mice | 2015 | Experimental study |
Citations in the library
Cited by 3
- Pharmacological properties of ketamine. Drug and Alcohol Review June 1, 1996
- The behavioral and neurochemical effects of phencyclidine in humans and animals: some implications for modeling psychosis. Behavioural Brain Research 1996
- Psychomotor stimulant effects of d-amphetamine, MDMA and PCP: aggressive and schedule-controlled behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology July 1994