5-HTTLPR polymorphism, mood disorders and MDMA use in a 3-year follow-up study.
Rocío Martín‐Santos, Marta Torrens, Sandra Poudevida, Klaus Langohr, Elisabet Cuyàs, Roberta Pacifici, Magí Farré, Simona Pichini, Rafael de la Torre
Addiction Biology January 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00180.x (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Longitudinal prospective cohort study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 94 |
| Population | Ecstasy users, cannabis users, and non-drug users |
| Duration | 3 years |
| Measures | Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM), DSM-IV criteria, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism analysis |
| Topics | MDMA |
| Key findings | Ecstasy use was associated with higher rates of cannabis abuse/dependence and mood disorders than cannabis use. The highest substance use disorder incidence was cannabis abuse/dependence in both ecstasy and cannabis groups, while non-drug users had no new cases. In ecstasy users, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was associated with lifetime primary mood disorders. |
Abstract
A 3-year longitudinal prospective study was conducted to compare the incidence of substance use disorders (SUD) and non-substance use disorders (NSUD) among ecstasy users and two control groups: one of cannabis users and the other of non-drug users. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism related to NSUD was also studied. A total of 94 subjects were included: 37 ecstasy users, 23 cannabis users and 34 non-drug users. SUD and NSUD disorders were diagnosed according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders criteria using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders. Incidence Rates (IR) are presented. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was analyzed. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was studied. The results of the study showed that the highest IR of SUD was cannabis abuse/dependence in both the ecstasy (IR: 48.6/100 person-year) and cannabis (IR: 2.5/100 person-year) groups. There were no new cases of SUD in non-drug users at follow-up. The highest IR of NSUD was primary mood disorder in both the ecstasy (IR: 4.2/100 person-year) and in the non-drug (IR: 1.3/100 person-year) groups (P < 0.282). There were no new cases of NSUD in the cannabis group at follow-up. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was associated with lifetime of primary mood disorders in ecstasy group (P = 0.018). Ecstasy use was associated with a higher rate of cannabis abuse/dependence disorders and mood disorders than cannabis use. In the ecstasy users, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may result in a high vulnerability to primary mood disorders.
Comparable studies
Other observational and cohort studies on MDMA, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective Reports of the Effects of MDMA in a Clinical Setting Individuals who took MDMA in a clinical setting | 1986 | Observational study | |
| Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA ("Ecstasy") users Abstinent MDMA users | 1998 | Observational cohort | |
| Impaired cognitive performance in drug free users of recreational ecstasy (MDMA) Otherwise healthy young people | 2000 | Observational | |
| The Psychological and Physiological Effects of MDMA on Normal Volunteers Older, more educated, drug-experienced individuals | 1986 | Observational cohort | |
| Cognitive performance in recreational users of MDMA or 'ecstasy': evidence for memory deficits Young people who were regular or novice MDMA users, or non-users | 1998 | Observational cohort | n = 30 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 9
- The ugly side of amphetamines: short- and long-term toxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’), methamphetamine and d-amphetamine Biological Chemistry January 2, 2011
- Clinical Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”): The Influence of Gender and Genetics (CYP2D6, COMT, 5-HTT) PLoS One October 24, 2012
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): interindividual differences due to polymorphisms and drug–drug interactions Critical Reviews in Toxicology October 3, 2012
- Role of Serotonin Transporter and Receptor Gene Variations in the Acute Effects of MDMA in Healthy Subjects ACS Chemical Neuroscience December 27, 2018
- Depressive mood ratings are reduced by MDMA in female polydrug ecstasy users homozygous for the l-allele of the serotonin transporter Scientific Reports January 12, 2018
and 4 more in the library
Cites 9
- Neurotoxicity of methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDMA; ecstasy) in humans: how strong is the evidence for persistent brain damage? Addiction February 27, 2006
- Striatal serotonin is depleted in brain of a human MDMA (Ecstasy) user Neurology July 25, 2000
- Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood and use of MDMA: prospective, population based study BMJ February 24, 2006
- The Consequences of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Induced CYP2D6 Inhibition in Humans Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology September 12, 2008
- Mental disorders in current and former heavy ecstasy (MDMA) users Addiction July 15, 2005
and 4 more in the library