Mental disorders in current and former heavy ecstasy (MDMA) users
Rainer Thomasius, Kay Uwe Petersen, P. Zapletalova, Lutz Wartberg, Dirk Zeichner, A. Schmoldt
Addiction July 15, 2005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01180.x (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Cross-sectional study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 118 |
| Population | Current ecstasy users, former ecstasy users, polydrug controls, and drug-naive controls |
| Topics | Addiction MDMA |
| Citations | 54 |
| Key findings | Ecstasy users did not differ from controls in prevalence of most mental disorders, but substance-induced cognitive disorders were predicted by lifetime ecstasy dose and persisted after abstinence. |
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Ecstasy use has often been found to be associated with psychopathology, yet this research has so far been based largely on subjective symptom ratings.
Aims: To investigate whether ecstasy users suffered from long‐term psychopathological consequences.
Measurements: We compared the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM‐IV) mental disorders in 30 current and 29 former ecstasy users, 29 polydrug and 30 drug‐naive controls. Groups were approximately matched by age, gender and level of education. The current ecstasy users reported a life‐time dose of an average of 821 and the former ecstasy users of 768 ecstasy tablets.
Findings: Ecstasy users did not significantly differ from controls in the prevalence of mental disorders, except those related to substance use. Substance‐induced affective, anxiety and cognitive disorders occurred more frequently among ecstasy users than polydrug controls. The life‐time prevalence of ecstasy dependence amounted to 73% in the ecstasy user groups. More than half of the former ecstasy users and nearly half of the current ecstasy users met the criteria of substance‐induced cognitive disorders at the time of testing. Logistic regression analyses showed the estimated life‐time doses of ecstasy to be predictive of cognitive disorders, both current and life‐time.
Conclusions: The motivation for ecstasy use is not likely to be self‐medication of pre‐existing depressive or anxiety disorders as these did not occur more frequently in the ecstasy users than in control groups or in the general population. Cognitive disorders still present after over 5 months of ecstasy abstinence may well be functional consequences of serotonergic neurotoxicity of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).