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The Fault Line between Metacognition and Phenomenality

Ryan J. Holsapple

International Journal of Jungian Studies October 1, 2026 DOI: 10.1163/19409060-bja10078 (opens in new tab)

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Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Key points Argues that Jungian debates about consciousness conflate metacognitive and phenomenal consciousness, and proposes redefining metacognition as a processual capacity for self-referential accessibility and reportability rather than a stable egoic identity. This reframing redescribes much of what Jungian theory calls unconscious as phenomenal psychic activity outside present metacognitive access, challenging the ego-complex as the necessary structural center of consciousness.

Abstract

Abstract: This article argues that Jungian and post-Jungian debates about consciousness are complicated by insufficient differentiation between metacognitive and phenomenal consciousness. Whereas traditional Jungian psychology often associates consciousness with ego-mediated reflection, reportability, and explicit awareness, contemporary consciousness studies frequently identify phenomenality—experience as such—as the central explanandum. This distinction bears directly on the conscious/unconscious dichotomy, the hard problem, and recent Jungian debates concerning psyche, agency, and metaphysics. By defining metacognition as a processual capacity involving self-referential accessibility and reportability, rather than as a stable egoic identity, the article redescribes much of what Jungian theory calls unconscious as phenomenal psychic activity outside present metacognitive access. This reframing does not abolish depth; it clarifies the dynamics of psychic multiplicity, phenomenal agency, and reportable awareness while challenging the necessity of the ego-complex as the structural center of consciousness.

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