Amanita Muscaria Mushrooms: An Online Retail Assessment of Branded Retailers, 2025
Cassidy R Loparco, Kayla K Tillett, Matthew E Rossheim, Sarah A. Okey, Carla J. Berg
Figshare September 19, 2026 preprint DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.33942536.v1 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Observational study of online retail websites |
|---|---|
| Population | 13 most-trafficked online retail websites selling Amanita muscaria products |
| Key findings | Among the 13 most-trafficked online retailers of Amanita muscaria products, 61.5% age-gated their sites, 61.5% had state shipping restrictions, and 69.2% offered discounts; gummies were sold by 92.3% and chocolate bars by 38.5%. Some products also contained THCP and delta-9 THC. The authors state the findings help characterize a little-known market with considerable health implications. |
Abstract
Amanita muscaria mushrooms, known for their hallucinogenic effects, have grown in popularity and availability. However, use can cause delirium, coma, and death. Moreover, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that Amanita muscaria, its extracts, and certain constituents (muscimol, ibotenic acid, and muscarine) are unapproved additives that do not meet the Generally Recognized as Safe standard, meaning that edible products containing them are adulterated under federal law (illegal to market and sell) and are subject to enforcement. In April 2025, we examined the online retail of Amanita muscaria products among the 13 most-trafficked websites identified, including factors known to highly influence access, use, and related risk. Among these 13 retailers, 8 (61.5%) asked about age to enter the website, 8 (61.5%) had state-based shipping restrictions, and 9 (69.2%) offered price discounts. Some A.muscaria products also contained THCP and delta-9 THC. Websites sold A.muscaria gummies (n = 12, 92.3%) and chocolate bars (n = 5, 38.5%). The average price of the least expensive A.muscaria product was $29.74 for gummies (range: $11.99-$36.99) and $36.59 (range: $25.00-$50.00) for chocolate bars. Among those that specified A.muscaria amount, the average was 4,182mg (2,000mg-8,000mg) for gummies (n = 11) and 6,500mg (5,000mg-8,000mg) for chocolate bars (n = 2). Eleven websites contained marketing-related product descriptions, including general advertising (n = 11 [100%]; e.g., potential effects), dosing instructions (n = 10, 90.9%), and safety claims, recommendations, and warnings (n = 11 [100%]; e.g., mentioning lab testing, potential consequences). Study findings help characterize a little-known market with considerable health implications. Retail of intoxicating and potentially harmful Amanita muscaria mushrooms has grown. In April 2025, we examined the online retail of Amanita muscaria products among the 13 most-trafficked websites. We found 62% age-gated websites and 69% offered price discounts. The average price of the cheapest A. muscaria gummy was $29.74 (range: $11.99-$36.99), and the average amount of A. muscaria contained in gummies was 4,182mg (range: 2,000mg-8,000mg). Study findings help characterize a little-known market with considerable health implications.