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Defining biological naturalism.

Johannes Kleiner

Behavioral and Brain Sciences September 17, 2026 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x25103853 (opens in new tab)

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AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Key points Argues that biological naturalism is indispensable for a metaphysically neutral science of AI consciousness, but that most properties Seth explores may not be unique to living systems; therefore, a biological naturalist research programme requires an explicit definition of biological naturalism, and the paper discusses how to obtain one.

Abstract

Biological naturalism, as explicated by Seth, is indispensable for a balanced and metaphysically neutral science of AI consciousness. However, most of the properties that Seth explores might not be unique to living systems. Therefore, I argue, a biological naturalist research programme in consciousness science requires an explicit definition of biological naturalism. I discuss how such a definition might be obtained.