Five new species of Inosperma from China: Morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and toxin detection
Sai-Nan Li, Fei Xu, Pan Long, Feng Liu, Ping Zhang, Yu‐guang Fan, Zuo-Hong Chen
Frontiers in Microbiology October 31, 2022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1021583 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Taxonomic and phylogenetic study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Five new Inosperma species from China |
| Topics | Psilocybin |
| Keywords | Inocybaceae New species Phylogeny Taxonomy Muscarine |
| Key points | The authors propose five new Inosperma species from China, supported as independent by morphology and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, nrLSU, and rpb2. Toxin screening showed varied profiles: one species had no tested neurotoxins, one was muscarine positive, two contained ibotenic acid and muscimol, one contained only muscimol, and psilocybin was not detected in any. |
Abstract
Many species of Inosperma cause neurotoxic poisoning in humans after consumption around the world. However, the toxic species of Inosperma and its toxin content remain unclear. In the present study, we proposed five new Inosperma species from China, namely, I. longisporum, I. nivalellum, I. sphaerobulbosum, I. squamulosobrunneum, and I. squamulosohinnuleum. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three genes (ITS, nrLSU, rpb2) revealed that these taxa are independent species. A key to 17 species of Inosperma in China is provided. In addition, targeted screening for the most notorious mushroom neurotoxins, muscarine, psilocybin, ibotenic acid, and muscimol, in these five new species was performed by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Our results show that the neurotoxin contents in these five species varied: I. sphaerobulbosum contains none of the tested neurotoxins; I. nivalellum is muscarine positive; I. longisporum and I. squamulosohinnuleum contain both ibotenic acid and muscimol, and I. squamulosobrunneum only contains muscimol; psilocybin was not detected in these five new species.
Citations in the library
Cited by 2
- Mixed toxin profiles in two new and one known species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from northern China MycoKeys September 29, 2026
- The distribution and evolution of muscarine and the ibotenic acid biosynthetic gene cluster within the genus Amanita section Amanita revealed by phylogenomics. IMA fungus January 9, 2026
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