Clinical neurophysiology of REM parasomnias: Diagnostic aspects and insights into pathophysiology

Abstract

Highlights • RBD presents REM sleep without atonia, EEG slowing, impaired functional connectivity, microstructural sleep EEG changes, among others.• During sleep paralysis there is a REM-wake dissociation - an intermediate state between REM and wakefulness, REM sleep or EEG alpha frequencies.• Nightmare disorder shows reduced sleep, increased awakenings, reduced SWS, increased respiratory and heart rate, and high alpha power in REM sleep.