Implications of mindfulness in anxiety disorders and depression: a narrative review

Abstract

Mindfulness, defined as the ability to be fully aware and attentive to the present moment without judgment, has sparked growing interest in the therapeutic approach to anxiety disorders and depression. The objective of this narrative review is to provide a historical overview of the definition of mindfulness, the clinical implications of this practice based on Buddhist philosophy, and analyze the current literature on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in the treatment of anxiety disorders and depression. The results of the reviewed studies indicate that MBIs, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), have shown significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms in various clinical populations. These therapeutic effects appear to be mediated by mechanisms such as emotional self-regulation and awareness, reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression. In conclusion, empirical evidence suggests that mindfulness represents a promising and effective intervention as a complement to traditional treatments for anxiety and depression. However, some studies recognize methodological limitations, such as heterogeneity in samples and intervention protocols, which raises the need for future research to standardize methodologies and evaluate their long-term effectiveness. Furthermore, the importance of considering the cultural and clinical context when implementing these practices to optimize their therapeutic benefits is emphasized, encouraging the conduct of these types of studies in Mexico.