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Birds do it, we do it, even embodied machines could do it. Why consciousness is not intrinsically biological.

Simon Bowes

Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2026 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x25103737 (opens in new tab)

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Key points Argues that rejecting coarse-grained Turing-computational functionalism in favor of a broader computationalism without a built-in syntax/semantics distinction undermines the motivation for biological naturalism. Substrate-dependent processes in living things may be necessary for consciousness, but the author contends these are functional requirements, not intrinsic properties.

Abstract

Abstract Digital computation may not be sufficient for consciousness, but this does not warrant biological naturalism. Rejecting coarse-grained Turing-computational functionalism and adopting a broader computationalism with no built-in syntax/semantics distinction, undermines the motivation for biological naturalism. Substrate-dependent processes of the kind found in living things may be necessary for the emergence of consciousness, but these are functional requirements, not intrinsic properties.