California Women and Their Dreams: A Historical and Sub-Cultural Comparison of Dream Content
Imagination, Cognition and Personality September 1, 1990 DOI: 10.2190/m29j-qqtb-nmyd-qp1f (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Observational study Randomized Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 100 |
| Population | Women attending the University of California, Berkeley |
| Topics | Dreaming |
| Citations | 28 |
| Key findings | Compared with a 1950 normative sample, the 100 Berkeley women reported more emotions, more aggression, and more victimization by females in their dreams. Asian-American women showed aggressive patterns similar to the 1950 sample and reported more unfamiliar dream settings than non-Asian-American women. |
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of sub-cultural membership on women's dream content, and time trends in dreaming over the past forty years. Dream series anonymously collected from 100 women attending the University of California, Berkeley, were scored for characters, emotions, setting, aggression, friendliness and sexuality. Each subject voluntarily reported five consecutive dreams on standardized forms. A demographic questionnaire administered to subjects and non-subjects found no differences. Randomized dream reports were scored twice by two independent raters. The current sample reported more emotions, more aggression, and more victimization by females than the normative, 1950 sample. Asian-American content was compared with non-Asian-American content and the 1950 data. Asian-American women reported similar aggressive patterns to those of the 1950 sample, and more unfamiliar settings than non-Asian-Americans. An integrative explanation of the results is presented, and suggestions for future dream content research are made.
Comparable studies
Other observational and cohort studies on dreaming, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lucid Dreaming: a State of Consciousness with Features of Both Waking and Non-Lucid Dreaming Student volunteers trained to become lucid and signal lucidity with horizontal eye... | 2009 | Observational study | n = 6 |
| Nightmare Prevalence, Nightmare Distress, and Self-Reported Psychological Disturbance Young adults with a mean age of 20 years | 2002 | Prospective observational study | n = 116 |
| Long-term effects of extreme situational stress on sleep and dreaming Survivors of traumatic events who complained of sleep disturbances, compared with... | 1987 | Case-control study | n = 11 |
| The relationship of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress to well‐being Adults who reported dreams | 2004 | Observational cohort | n = 147 |
| The prevalence of nightmares and their independence from anxiety. Undergraduates | 1990 | Observational study using daily dream logs | n = 220 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 12
- A new neurocognitive theory of dreams. Dreaming March 1, 2001
- On the Psychometric Properties of Retrospective Dream Content Questionnaires Imagination Cognition and Personality June 1, 1996
- Assessing dreams through self-report questionnaires: Relations with past research and personality. Dreaming March 1, 1995
- Dreams as the Expression of Conceptions and Concerns: A Comparison of German and American College Students Imagination, Cognition and Personality March 1, 2006
- Stereotypical gender-based emotions are not detectable in dream reports. Dreaming December 1, 2002
and 7 more in the library