Aberrant salience in acute versus chronic schizophrenia: Do medication and positive symptoms make a difference?

Aberrant salience is significantly elevated in schizophrenia patients with prominent positive symptoms, particularly delusions and hallucinations, and appears comparable to the general population in chronic remitted patients, suggesting it is a state-dependent phenomenon. In a cross-sectional study of 113 subjects (83 patients and 30 healthy controls), symptomatic groups (acute drug-free and chronic-medicated) showed higher aberrant salience than asymptomatic patients or controls, while no significant difference emerged between medicated and unmedicated symptomatic patients. A strong positive correlation was found between aberrant salience and positive symptom severity, but not with negative symptoms. Medication may reduce aberrant salience indirectly by alleviating positive psychotic symptoms.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Background: The nature of aberrant salience in schizophrenia, whether it is a state or a trait phenomenon, remains unclear. Aim: To assess and compare aberrant salience in patients with schizophrenia at different stages of the illness and to explore its association with symptom severity and medication use. Methods: A total of 113 subjects were included, comprising 83 patients with schizophrenia divided into three groups: group A (acute drug-free symptomatic stage, n = 23), group B (chronic-medicated symptomatic stage, n = 30), and group C (chronic-medicated asymptomatic stage, n = 30). These were compared with a healthy control group (group D, n = 30). Participants were assessed using the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) and clinical rating scales, including Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales, Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Results: Significant differences were observed across almost all domains of aberrant salience. The most notable differences were between the symptomatic groups (A, B) and the healthy controls (D). Subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between the acute (A) and chronic groups (B, C), but significant differences were found between the symptomatic (A, B) and asymptomatic (C) groups in several domains and in the total ASI score. A highly significant positive correlation was noted between the total ASI score and the symptom rating scales, except for SANS. Conclusion: Aberrant salience is significantly elevated in patients with prominent positive symptoms, particularly delusions and hallucinations. It appears comparable to the general population in chronic remitted patients, suggesting that aberrant salience is state-dependent. Medication did not significantly influence aberrant salience as both medicated and nonmedicated symptomatic patients continued to exhibit it. However, medication may contribute to reducing aberrant salience by alleviating positive psychotic symptoms.