Mental health issues are rapidly increasing in India and around the world.

Mental health problems are rising in India and globally, yet treatment is often equated solely with medication and psychiatry. This chapter argues that yoga and meditation are evidence-based, accessible, and culturally acceptable options for mental health care. It reviews studies showing that regular yoga practice reduces cortisol, increases GABA levels, alters brain structure, and improves conditions such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Given the severe shortage of mental health services in India, the chapter contends that these practices offer affordable and practical interventions, and provides suggestions for clinical practice, policy, and community programs.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Mental health issues are rapidly increasing in India and around the world. Depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia—these words no longer sound alien. But when it comes to treatment, most people think only of medications and psychiatrists. This is where yoga and meditation come into play—not just as a traditional practice, but also as a scientifically proven treatment method. This chapter attempts to understand the role of yoga and meditation in mental health care based on evidence. It considers yoga's biological effects on the brain, its utility in disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD, and its relevance in the Indian socio-cultural context. Studies by researchers such as Davidson, Kabat-Zinn, Goyal, Cramer, Varambally, and Pascoe show that regular yoga practice reduces cortisol, increases GABA levels, positively alters brain structure, and improves overall mental health. Given the severe shortage of mental health services in India, yoga and meditation are accessible, affordable, and culturally acceptable options. This chapter also offers practical suggestions for clinical practice, policy development, and community interventions. Keywords: Yoga, Meditation, Mental Health, Mindfulness, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD, MBSR, MBCT, Pranayama, Neurobiological Effects, Indian Medicine, Mental Well-Being