Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: A translational research study with 2-year follow-up
Graham Meadows, Frances Shawyer, Joanne Enticott, Annette Graham, Fiona Judd, Paul R. Martin, Leon Piterman, Zindel V. Segal
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry March 4, 2014 DOI: 10.1177/0004867414525841 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Randomized controlled trial Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 203 |
| Population | Non-depressed adults with a history of three or more episodes of depression |
| Intervention | Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy |
| Duration | 2-year follow-up |
| Topics | Meditation Depression |
| Keywords | Depression economics Psychotherapist Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Cognition Translational research Clinical psychology |
| Citations | 66 |
| Key findings | MBCT plus active monitoring reduced days with major depression over two years compared to active monitoring alone. |
Abstract
Objective: While mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing depressive relapse/recurrence over 12-18 months, questions remain around effectiveness, longer-term outcomes, and suitability in combination with medication. The aim of this study was to investigate within a pragmatic study design the effectiveness of MBCT on depressive relapse/recurrence over 2 years of follow-up.
Method: This was a prospective, multi-site, single-blind trial based in Melbourne and the regional city of Geelong, Australia. Non-depressed adults with a history of three or more episodes of depression were randomised to MBCT + depression relapse active monitoring (DRAM) (n=101) or control (DRAM alone) (n=102). Randomisation was stratified by medication (prescribed antidepressants and/or mood stabilisers: yes/no), site of usual care (primary or specialist), diagnosis (bipolar disorder: yes/no) and sex. Relapse/recurrence of major depression was assessed over 2 years using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1.
Results: The average number of days with major depression was 65 for MBCT participants and 112 for controls, significant with repeated-measures ANOVA (F(1, 164)=4.56, p=0.03). Proportionally fewer MBCT participants relapsed in both year 1 and year 2 compared to controls (odds ratio 0.45, p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for time to first depressive episode was non-significant, although trends favouring the MBCT group were suggested. Subgroup analyses supported the effectiveness of MBCT for people receiving usual care in a specialist setting and for people taking antidepressant/mood stabiliser medication.
Conclusions: This work in a pragmatic design with an active control condition supports the effectiveness of MBCT in something closer to implementation in routine practice than has been studied hitherto. As expected in this translational research design, observed effects were less strong than in some previous efficacy studies but appreciable and significant differences in outcome were detected. MBCT is most clearly demonstrated as effective for people receiving specialist care and seems to work well combined with antidepressants.