The neural and psychological mechanisms of yoga and mindfulness meditation
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Observational cohort |
|---|---|
| Population | Mindfulness practitioners and controls |
| Intervention | Mindfulness meditation |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Keywords | Cognition Mindfulness meditation Mechanism biology Psychotherapist Sensory system Resting State FMRI Clinical psychology |
| Citations | 2 |
| Key findings | Mindfulness practitioners reduced pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state, associated with decreased lateral prefrontal cortex and increased right posterior insula activation during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during pain anticipation. |
Abstract
Pain can be modulated by several cognitive techniques, typically involving increased cognitive control and decreased sensory processing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mindfulness reduces pain. Mindfulness practitioners and controls received unpleasant electric stimuli in the fMRI scanner during a mindfulness and a control condition. Mindfulness practitioners, but not controls, were able to reduce pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state. In the brain this reduction was associated with decreased activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the right posterior insula during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during the anticipation of pain. These findings reveal a unique mechanism of pain modulation, comprising increased sensory processing and decreased cognitive control, and are in sharp contrast to established pain modulation mechanisms.