Circadian and Sleep Modulation of Dreaming in Women with Major Depression.
Angelina Birchler-Pedross, Sylvia Frey, Christian Cajochen, Sarah L Chellappa
Clocks & Sleep February 28, 2022 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010012 (opens in new tab) via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractWomen with major depressive disorder (MDD) recall dreams as often as healthy women, but their dreams carry twice the negative emotional load, especially during the circadian night. In a controlled laboratory protocol, nine healthy and eight unmedicated women with MDD underwent ten alternating cycles of 150 minutes awake and 75 minutes asleep over 40 hours. Dream recall frequency did not differ between groups, but dream emotional load was significantly higher in the MDD group during nighttime naps. Higher negative emotional load in dreams correlated with worse mood in both groups. The findings suggest that circadian and sleep regulation of dreaming remains intact in unmedicated young women with MDD.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Observational cohort Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 17 |
| Population | Young unmedicated women with major depressive disorder and healthy women aged 20-31 |
| Duration | 40-hour multiple nap protocol with ten alternating cycles of 150 min wake/75 min sleep |
| Topics | Depression |
| Keywords | Nrem sleep Circadian rhythms Dream Emotionality |
| Key finding | Women with MDD did not differ from healthy controls in dream recall frequency but had a two-fold higher negative emotional load in dreams, particularly during the circadian night. |
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates an association between reduced dream recall and depressive symptomatology. Here, we tested the prediction that reduced dream recall in individuals experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD) is due to alterations in circadian and sleep processes. Nine young healthy women (20−31 years) and eight young unmedicated women (20−31 years) diagnosed with MDD underwent a 40 h multiple nap protocol with ten alternating cycles of 150 min wake/75 min sleep under a stringently controlled circadian laboratory protocol. After each nap, we assessed dream recall, number of dreams and dream emotional load using the Sleep Mentation Questionnaire. Dream recall and the number of dreams did not significantly differ between groups (pFDR > 0.1). However, there was a significant difference for the dream emotional load (interaction of “Group” vs. “Time”, pFDR = 0.01). Women with MDD had a two-fold higher (negative) emotional load as compared to healthy control women, particularly after naps during the circadian night (between ~22:00 h and ~05:00 h; Tukey−Kramer test, p = 0.009). Furthermore, higher (negative) dream emotional load was associated with impaired mood levels in both groups (R2 = 0.71; p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the circadian and sleep modulation of dreaming may remain intact in unmedicated young women experiencing MDD.