Kontemplacja a poznanie w filozofii Plotyna

Plotinus' philosophy contains two types of contemplation: 'noetic' contemplation, which is a rational, knowledge-producing activity derived from Plato and Aristotle, and 'hypernoetic' contemplation, a state of beatifying unknowing that resembles Eastern mystical traditions. While some scholars view mysticism as central to Plotinus' system and others dismiss it, this paper argues that examining contemplation rather than mystical experience offers a better approach. Plotinus remains a Western thinker who attempts to place the state of contemplative unknowing within an intellectual, rational pursuit of truth and happiness, even though his philosophy incorporates an experience central to Eastern thought.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Plotinus’ mysticism is a controversial field of study. While some scholars see in it the essential aspect of his system, others consider it to be of little importance. Interpretations of the “mystical union” with the One also differ from monistic to theistic, and the debate seems to be far from an ultimate conclusions. This paper is an attempt to find a different approach to this problem, namely, by examining relationships between contemplation (which appears to be a more useful term than “mystical experience”) and knowledge in the system of Plotinus. It is suggested that the two main types of contemplation are “noetic” contemplation, which is a paradigm for knowledge and derives from Plato’s and Aristotle’s account of noesis, and “hypernoetic” contemplation which is a borderline phenomenon for ancient philosophy, because it is a state of beatifying unknowing. While noetic contemplation is more typical of Western philosophy, hypernoetic contemplation is a phenomenon similar to what Eastern mystical religions strive for. Even though Plotinus’ philosophy seems to incorporate an experience that is central to the Eastern thought, the author of the Enneads remains a profoundly Western thinker, trying to put the state of contemplative unknowing in the context of intellectual, rational pursuit of truth and happiness.