Neurological Responses to Meditation with EEG Analysis Using Novel Empirical Fourier-Bessel Decomposition Approach

Ashok Mahato; S. Bhalerao; R. B. Pachori; Vikram M. Gadre; Dipika Mahapatra

doi:10.1109/icsc64553.2025.10968250

Neurological Responses to Meditation with EEG Analysis Using Novel Empirical Fourier-Bessel Decomposition Approach

Ashok Mahato, S. Bhalerao, R. B. Pachori, Vikram M. Gadre, Dipika Mahapatra

International Computer Science Conference February 20, 2025 DOI: 10.1109/icsc64553.2025.10968250 (opens in new tab)

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Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract

Characteristics	Observational study Peer reviewed
Sample size	23
Population	Participants listening to the Rudram mantra
Intervention	listening to the Rudram mantra
Topics	Meditation
Key findings	Energy in delta, theta, and alpha rhythms increased significantly after listening to the Rudram mantra, indicating enhanced relaxation, improved concentration, and reduced anxiety.

Abstract

Meditation is known for its positive impact on well-being. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have been studied in the literature to analyze these effects. Due to the non-stationary nature of EEG signals, Fourier transform-based methods are not suitable for extracting brain patterns. Thus, analyzing and detecting changes in brain patterns associated with the progression of meditation effects become challenging. To address them, we propose a novel method, empirical Fourier-Bessel decomposition (EFBD), which combines Fourier-Bessel series expansion with an adaptive zero-phase filter bank to extract meaningful modes. This study has used EEG signals from 23 participants during listening to the Rudram mantra (RM) using 10-channel electrodes. To investigate significant features, energy across rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) has been computed from EFBD-based decomposed modes. Further, a detailed assessment of brain responses of subjects has been performed using time-frequency distribution (TFD) and topographical maps before, during, and after listening to RM. In the analysis, the band energy in the delta, theta, and alpha rhythms increased significantly after listening to the RM, which indicates enhanced relaxation, improved concentration, and reduced anxiety. It is also validated using brain region-specific analysis with TFD and topographical maps, showing increased activity in the frontal and temporal brain regions. The proposed method can be an effective tool to analyze the impact of meditation on mental health issues for individual practice.

Comparable studies

Other observational and cohort studies on meditation, most cited first.

Study	Year	Design	Participants
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness Undergraduate students	2006	Observational cohort
Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders Patients with generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder with or without agoraphobia	1992	Observational cohort	n = 22
Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness Participants with extensive Insight meditation experience and matched controls	2005	Observational cohort	n = 20
Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity Experienced meditators and matched meditation-naive controls	2011	Observational cohort
Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice Long-term Buddhist practitioners and controls	2004	Observational cohort

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