A new method called empirical Fourier-Bessel decomposition (EFBD) was used to analyze brain wave patterns from 23 participants listening to the Rudram mantra. After listening, energy in delta, theta, and alpha brain rhythms increased significantly, indicating enhanced relaxation, improved concentration, and reduced anxiety. Brain region-specific analysis showed increased activity in the frontal and temporal regions. The method may help analyze meditation's impact on mental health.
Meditation's ability to relax and relieve stress is widely claimed, but the neurophysiological mechanisms behind these effects remain poorly understood. This survey reviews EEG-based analytical methods—Functional Connectivity and Power Spectral Density (PSD)—used to study meditation's impact on cerebral activity. It describes brain wave patterns linked to relaxation and cognitive functions that can be characterized during meditative states. The paper evaluates metrics like weighted Phase Lag Index (wPLI) for assessing brain network coupling and PSD analysis for tracking power distribution changes. Despite available technologies, current research lacks rigor and sufficient detail, especially in applying sophisticated EEG methods to demonstrate therapeutic effects. The authors propose an integrated framework for future research to clarify meditation's scientific basis.