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The Psychological Reconstruction of Mindfulness: From Buddhist Origins to Modern Operationalization

Sarah Barker

Human Arenas May 7, 2026 DOI: 10.1007/s42087-026-00617-y (opens in new tab)

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AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Conceptual analysis Peer reviewed
Topics Buddhism Meditation
Keywords Operationalization Construct python library Intervention counseling Psychological research Perspective graphical Psychological theory Epistemology Naturalism
Key points Contemporary psychological definitions of mindfulness increasingly classify it through outcome-based criteria, while its ethical orientation, investigative function, and liberation-oriented purpose from early Buddhist frameworks recede into the background.

Abstract

Abstract This article presents a conceptual analysis of mindfulness as a cultural–psychological boundary object, examining how contemporary psychological deployments diverge from early Buddhist frameworks. Treating Buddhist psychology as a coherent theoretical framework, the analysis traces how dominant psychological definitions increasingly classify mindfulness through outcome-based criteria. At the same time, ethical orientation, investigative function, and liberation-oriented purpose recede into the background. Using a conceptual and genealogical approach, the paper synthesizes literature from early Buddhist sources, historical analyses of Buddhist modernism, psychological measurement research, and studies of XR-based mindfulness interventions. Rather than evaluating intervention efficacy, it examines how assumptions about attention, embodiment, and purpose shape the formation and validation of constructs. The analysis supports a pluri-epistemic approach to psychological science that foregrounds epistemic lineage and construct transparency, clarifying the trade-offs involved in abstraction, measurement, and scalability.

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