Four-Types of IIT-Induced Group Integrity of Plecoglossus altivelis.
Takayuki Niizato, Kotaro Sakamoto, Yoh-Ichi Mototake, Hisashi Murakami, Takenori Tomaru, Tomotaro Hoshika, Toshiki Fukushima
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) June 30, 2020 DOI: 10.3390/e22070726 (opens in new tab) via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractIntegrated information theory (IIT) 3.0, which measures a system's intrinsic cause-effect structure, can classify fish schools by group size and integrity when applied to collective behavior in Plecoglossus altivelis. Using global parameter settings and multiple timescales (from 5/120 to 120/120 seconds), the analysis successfully distinguished schools of different sizes and degrees of group integrity near the fish's reaction time scale. At longer timescales, interaction heterogeneity diminished compared to shorter timescales. The findings also offer two tentative answers to the heap paradox, a longstanding puzzle in collective behavior about how individual actions combine into group-level properties.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Observational study Qualitative Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Plecoglossus altivelis (fish) schools |
| Keywords | Collective behaviour Integrated information theory Self-organization |
| Key finding | IIT 3.0 analysis with global parameter settings and multiple timescales successfully classified fish schools by group size and integrity, and provided tentative answers to the heap paradox. |
Abstract
Integrated information theory (IIT) was initially proposed to describe human consciousness in terms of intrinsic-causal brain network structures. Particularly, IIT 3.0 targets the system's cause-effect structure from spatio-temporal grain and reveals the system's irreducibility. In a previous study, we tried to apply IIT 3.0 to an actual collective behaviour in Plecoglossus altivelis. We found that IIT 3.0 exhibits qualitative discontinuity between three and four schools of fish in terms of Φ value distributions. Other measures did not show similar characteristics. In this study, we followed up on our previous findings and introduced two new factors. First, we defined the global parameter settings to determine a different kind of group integrity. Second, we set several timescales (from Δ t = 5 / 120 to Δ t = 120 / 120 s). The results showed that we succeeded in classifying fish schools according to their group sizes and the degree of group integrity around the reaction time scale of the fish, despite the small group sizes. Compared with the short time scale, the interaction heterogeneity observed in the long time scale seems to diminish. Finally, we discuss one of the longstanding paradoxes in collective behaviour, known as the heap paradox, for which two tentative answers could be provided through our IIT 3.0 analysis.