PHARMACOLOGY OF NOVAL CANNABINOIDS
S. K. Sumitha, Veena S. Pattammady, R. Sambathkumar
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences December 9, 2019 DOI: 10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i1.36005 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Cannabis CBD |
| Keywords | Synthetic cannabinoids Pharmacology Bioavailability Effects of cannabis Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Pharmacokinetics Drug Cannabinoid receptor Dronabinol Cannabis sativa Antagonist |
| Citations | 2 |
| Key findings | Cannabis pharmacokinetics depends on route of administration, with oral administration having lower bioavailability than inhalation due to first-pass metabolism. |
Abstract
Cannabis is a plant rich in various compounds that have a variety of impacts on the physiology of humans and the effects of these metabolites have a significant role in managing a variety of clinical diseases. A substantial increase in the use of SC (synthetic cannabinoids) had seen in the last few years especially infrequent cannabis users. The SCs will generate psychoactive effects that were similar to cannabis. However, the composition and pharmacological characteristics of these drugs make them possibly hazardous. Like all drugs, cannabis’ pharmacokinetics depends on the route of administration. Several studies showed that the bioavailability is less in oral administration when compared to inhalation. The main reason for this decrease in oral bioavailability is that cannabinoids undergo the first-pass metabolism before entering into the systemic circulation whereas in inhalation, it enters the circulation directly through the lungs. Cannabis sativa is a psychoactive plant that contains more than 500 components of which 104 cannabinoids had been identified. Of these, 2 components such as Δ9-THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidol) were under the scientific investigation. Δ9-THC is the primary cannabinoid which was responsible for the consequences of psychotrophy. The potency of cannabis is assessed based on the THC concentration of a sample that is the main psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. The adverse effects are in direct relation to the concentration of THC in the product after regular cannabis use. It can be assumed that several cannabinoids will find their way into the pharmacies from preclinical research within a century.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on CBD, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cites 4
- The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. British Journal of Pharmacology January 2008
- Pharmacological evaluation of cannabinoid receptor ligands in a mouse model of anxiety: further evidence for an anxiolytic role for endogenous cannabinoid signaling. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics July 2006
- Interaction between naltrexone and oral THC in heavy marijuana smokers. Psychopharmacology February 2003
- Cannabis-induced psychosis: a cross-sectional comparison with acute schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica March 1, 2002