Altered States of Consciousness: A Comparison of Profoundly and Superficially Altered States
Imagination, Cognition and Personality October 1, 1999 DOI: 10.2190/9agv-l1p0-dg4g-95pw (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Cross-sectional survey Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 295 |
| Population | Adolescents and adults |
| Topics | Altered states of consciousness |
| Citations | 9 |
| Key findings | Profoundly Altered States of Consciousness are accompanied by extremely strong positive emotions and significantly fewer cognitive disturbances than Superficially Altered States. |
Abstract
Superficially Altered States of Consciousness (SACS) and Profoundly Altered States of Consciousness (PASC) are described as a result of analyses of results of a questionnaire survey of 295 subjects—adolescents and adults. The comparison of the experiences accompanying these states indicates that SASC are characterized by disturbances in experiencing the reality, one's self, and in cognitive processes. Meanwhile, PASC are accompanied by experiences related to an absolute, universal, eternal, and existential or religious matters. PASC are accompanied by extremely strong positive emotions and are experienced with significantly less feelings of cognitive disturbances than in SASC. PASC occur mainly in the context of religion, whereas SASC in everyday life, solitude, and poor well being.
Comparable studies
Other cross-sectional and survey studies on altered states of consciousness, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Future directions in meditation research: Recommendations for expanding the field of contemplative science Meditators | 2018 | Cross-sectional online survey | n = 1,120 |
| Altered states of consciousness and hypnosis in the twenty-first century | 2005 | Survey and commentary | |
| Naturalistic use of psychedelics is related to emotional reactivity and self-consciousness: The mediating role of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences Adults with varying histories of psychoactive substance use, including 1661... | 2022 | Cross-sectional survey | n = 2,516 |
| Salvia divinorum use and phenomenology: results from an online survey. Recent users of Salvia divinorum | 2011 | Survey | n = 154 |
| Examination of the Phenomenology of the Ibogaine Treatment Experience: Role of Altered States of Consciousness and Psychedelic Experiences. Individuals who used ibogaine in the past | 2017 | Retrospective survey | n = 27 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 2
- Reconsidering Music and Trance: Cross-cultural Differences and Cross-disciplinary Perspectives Ethnomusicology Forum August 1, 2011
- The protective mechanisms of the basic rest-activity cycle as an indirect manifestation of this rhythm in waking: preliminary report. International Journal of Neuroscience February 2003
Cites 9
- Altered States of Consciousness Archives of General Psychiatry September 1, 1966
- The Standardized Psychometric Assessment of Altered States of Consciousness (ASCs) in Humans Pharmacopsychiatry July 1, 1998
- Phenomenological experience in response to monotonous drumming and hypnotizability. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis October 1, 1997
- An Evolutionary Leveled Model of the Main States of Consciousness Imagination, Cognition and Personality June 1, 1991
- Occurrence of Altered States of Consciousness among Students: Profoundly and Superficially Altered States in Wakefulness Imagination, Cognition and Personality March 1, 1993
and 4 more in the library