The International journal of neuroscience
February 2003
Katarzyna Duchniewska, Andrzej Kokoszka
The hypothesis of the Basic Rest Activity Cycle (BRAC), that underlies approximately 90-min fluctuations in states of consciousness, has gained strong documentation during sleep in cyclical occurrence of its REM and NON-REM stages, however, there is no convicting evidence of this rhythm in waking. According to the concept of protective mechanisms of BRAC (Kokoszka, 1990), the rest phase of the...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
October 1, 1999
Andrzej Kokoszka
9 citations
Superficially Altered States of Consciousness (SACS) and Profoundly Altered States of Consciousness (PASC) are described as a result of analyses of results of a questionnaire survey of 295 subjects—adolescents and adults. The comparison of the experiences accompanying these states indicates that SASC are characterized by disturbances in experiencing the reality, one's self, and in cognitive...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
June 1, 1993
Andrzej Kokoszka
This article presents a model, created on the basis of Freud's model of “structural relations of mental personality”, and also an evolutionary model of the main states of consciousness [1–4]. A terminological order is proposed to promote the consistent understanding of such notions as: consciousness, awareness, self-consciousness, and self-unconsciousness. The final version of the evolutionary...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
March 1, 1993
Andrzej Kokoszka
8 citations
In a questionnaire survey waking altered states of consciousness (ASC) are found to be common among 174 Polish students. The experience of Superficially Altered States of Consciousness (SACS) was reported by 96 percent of subjects and more than half of them had such experiences often. Whereas an experience of Profoundly Altered States of Consciousness (PASC) was confirmed by 75 percent and...
Imagination Cognition and Personality
June 1, 1991
Andrzej Kokoszka
12 citations
A rationale for a multileveled description of states of consciousness is presented, as a continuation of an integrated model of the main states of consciousness. The previous model described and distinguished four main states of consciousness: ordinary waking states of consciousness, differentiated waking states of consciousness, REM sleep, and non-REM sleep. These are considered now in a...
Imagination, Cognition and Personality
March 1, 1988
Andrzej Kokoszka
This model of the main states of consciousness synthesizes interdisciplinary data. It describes and differentiates four main states of consciousness: “ordinary waking states of consciousness,” “differentiated waking states of consciousness” – including “ultraconsciousness states,” “REM sleep” and “slow-wave sleep.” Each state is described along the following dimensions: sleep – wakefulness,...